——Mathematics is the door and key to science.

　　India is one of the earliest culturally developed regions in the world. Indians have made outstanding contributions in arithmetic and algebra. The Rope Dharma Sutra is the earliest mathematical document in India. The most important content is the construction of altars, that is, the use of ropes. and bamboo poles give fixed rules of measurement. Indians’ contributions to arithmetic operations include: the operation of 0, the operation of negative numbers; facing up to the existence of irrational numbers, the research and application of indefinite equations, etc., and deriving the operation formula:

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　　Algebra was applied to common business problems, such as calculating interest, dividing property, etc., but there was no outstanding progress in geometry.
　　The period from 200 to 1200 AD was the mathematical achievement of the Arabs. During this period, the Arabs had very rich cultural sources. In addition to inviting Indian scientists to Baghdad, after the decline of ancient Greek civilization, many scholars went to Persia. The Arabs took a big step forward in solving cubic equations by intersecting conics. The Arabs did not make any important advancements in mathematics. What they did was absorb Greek and Indian mathematics, preserve them, and eventually pass them to Europe. Among them, it is worth mentioning that the base 10 base system is Notation, the numerical notation of quantities from 1 to 9, and the introduction of 0 as a number. Between 1100 and 1300, Christian Crusaders and Mongol invasions led to the gradual decline of mathematical and scientific activities in the region.