In the early seventeenth century, mathematics first introduced a basic concept from the study of motion ( such as astronomy, navigation problems, etc. ) . In the next two hundred years, this concept occupied a central position in almost all work, which is The concept of a function—or a relationship between variables. Following the adoption of the concept of function came calculus, which is the greatest creation in all mathematics after Euclidean geometry. Focusing on solving the above four core scientific problems, calculus problems were explored by at least a dozen great mathematicians and many mathematical researchers in the seventeenth century, and the pinnacle of all their contributions was the achievements of Newton and Leibniz. , below we mainly introduce the work of these two masters.

【 Newton 】【 Leibniz 】

　　In fact, a great deal of knowledge of calculus had been accumulated before Newton and Leibniz made their dash. For example, France's Fermat and Descartes, Britain's Barro and Wallis, Germany's Kepler, etc. have all conducted in-depth research on the problem of finding the tangent of a curve and the area enclosed by the curve, and have obtained some results. However, None of them realize its importance.

　　In the first two-thirds of the seventeenth century, the work of calculus was sunk in details, exhausted by trivial reasoning that had little effect. Only a few great mathematicians realized such a problem: " The true meaning of mathematics" The division is not into geometry and arithmetic, but into the universal and the particular . ” And this universal thing was first provided by two all-encompassing thinkers, Newton and Leibniz.